European Standards Survey
| . | |||
| AACR2 Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd Edition. ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange. BMP Bit map. An image file created from a series of bits and bytes that form pixels. Also known as a raster image. Brochure ware A term used to describe Web sites that only contain promotional information, i.e. Insitiution name, logo, address and opening hours. Very little or no collections based content. Catalogued For the purposes of the EMII European Standards Survey Catalogued is taken to mean museum collections that have been documented beyond a basic minimum or inventory level, i.e accession number, object name and location. CGI Common Graphical Interface. Collections Management Standard Procedural standards that govern the range of collections management activities undertaken in a museum, i.e. Acquisition, Cataloguing, Inventory control, Location control, Loan etc. Computerised Data Data held in Digital format, i.e. in a computer. Data Encryption Standards Technical standards that ensure that data is unreadable to everyone except the intended receiver. Data Encoding Standards Technical standards that define how data is held digitally, e.g. ASCII codes. Data Presentation Standards Technical standards that contol the form that data is presented in, e.g. bold, italic, underlined. See HTML. De Facto Standards Widely used standards, generally published but not yet ratified by ISO or a national standards setting agency. De Jure Standards Published standards that have been ratified by the ISO and/or a range of national standards-setting bodies. Digital Information Information held in electronic files, i.e. Computerised. As opposed to Manual Information. Digital Watermark A digital watermark is an identification code carrying information about the copyright owner, the creator of the work, authorized consumers and so on. The watermark is invisible and permanently embedded into digital data for copyright protection and for checking if the data has been corrupted. By means of watermarking the work is still accessible, but permanently marked. Documented For the purposes of the EMII European Standards Survey Documented is taken to mean where all or some information related to a museum object is recorded either in Manual or Digital format. This can be either to a minmum standard, i.e Inventory level or in more detail. See also Undocumented.and Catalogued. Evolving Standards Standards in limited use, generally unpublished and either actively under development or with development potential. GIF Graphic Image File format. HTML Hypertext Markup Language. An authoring language used to create Web pages. An example of a Data Presentation Standard. HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol. A technical standard used to deliver Web pages via the Internet. ICA International Council of Archives. Image Format Standards Image format standards define ways of capturing, storing and compressing digital images. Institutional Database A database where the data is held locally at institutional level, i.e. at a single museum. This can be in either a standalone database or on a network. Interactive Gallery System A terminal located in a public gallery, with collections information for the public to search. This information may be packaged into themes or given a storyline which the user navigates. Interoperability For the purposes of this survey the concept of 'interoperability' has been understood to refer to the interchange of information as defined in the 1997 European Commission Memorandum of Understanding: Multi-media access to Europe's Cultural Heritage, (a joint initiative by the Commission's former Directorate General XIII and Directorate General X), see final report of Working Group 1: Standards and Protocols for Interoperability of Systems: 'The concept of interchange of information is one which can be defined independently of the software applications and hardware platforms implied by the term 'interoperability' as 'the creation, location, delivery and processing of information online across multiple systems'. ISAD International Standards of Archival Description ISBD International Standard for Bibliographic Description ISO International Standards Organisation JBIG Joint Bi-level Image experts Group JPEG Joint Photographers Experts Group. Used to describe the standard developed for still image compression. Manual Information Information held in paper based format either handwritten or printed, i.e not Digitised. MARC Machine Readible Cataloguing. Metadata standards Standards that define and describe means of identifying and organising data content. MPEG Motion Picture Expert Group. National Database A database held on a central server and accessed via a single communication network. Museums in a country share and contribute to it's development. Object For the purposes of the European Standards Survey 'object' refers to the physical item or items identified by a unique accession number. This can be either a one-to-one relationship, e.g. a single part object or many to one relationship, e.g. multi-part objects or collections of specimens grouped under one accession number. PICT Macintosh Picture. A digital image storage format designed primarily for the Macintosh computer. Regional Database Data held at a Regional level, i.e. where a number of museums across a region (within one member state) are contributing to and sharing data held in a central server. SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language. Terminology Standards Standards that provide lists of terms, either in alphabetical listings (e.g. term lists), or structures (e.g. classification systems or thesauri) which can be used to describe and provide access to cultural heritage. Used interchangably with 'Vocabulary Standards'. TIFF Tagged Image / Interchance File Format Undocumented For the purposes of the EMII survey Undocumented is taken to mean where no information about museum objects been recorded in either Manual or Digital format. See also Documented. Vocabulary Standard See Terminology Standards. VRML Virtual Reality Markup Language. XML 'Extensible Markup Language, a simplified subset of SGML that is designed specifically for use with the World Wide Web and that provides for more sophisticated data structuring and validation than does HTML.' Introduction to Metadata: Pathways to Digital Information / edited by Murtha Baca. ISBN 0-89236-533-1 Z39.50 'An ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard information retrieval protocol that allows a search application to submit a query to databases regardless of the kind of hardware or software the database uses. Originally implemented in the library world, Z39.50 is now gaining international acceptance for general information retrieval.' Introduction to Metadata: Pathways to Digital Information / edited by Murtha Baca. ISBN 0-89236-533-1 |
|
| |
|
Standards Map Home Page------------Home Page |
Funded by the
European Commission -Education
and Culture Directorate-General -
Raphaël
Programme
Created on: 17 January 2000
